1 Mawu Oyamba
Chiyambireni utoto wokhazikika, sodium alginate (SA) yakhala phala lalikulu losindikizira utoto pansalu za thonje.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu yama cellulose ethersCMC, HEC ndi HECMC zokonzedwa mu Chaputala 3 monga phala loyambirira, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza utoto motsatira.
duwa. Zida zoyambira ndi zosindikizira za phala zitatuzo zidayesedwa ndikufananizidwa ndi SA, ndipo ulusi utatuwo adayesedwa.
Kusindikiza katundu wa vitamini ethers.
2 Gawo loyesera
Zida zoyesera ndi mankhwala
Zopangira ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa. Pakati pawo, nsalu zosindikizira za utoto zakhala zikupanga ndi kuyeretsa, ndi zina zotero.
Mndandanda wa zokhotakhota zokongoletsedwa bwino za thonje, kachulukidwe 60/10cm×50/10cm, ulusi woluka 21tex×21tex.
Kukonzekera kusindikiza phala ndi mtundu phala
Kukonzekera kusindikiza phala
Kwa ma pastes anayi oyambirira a SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC, malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba, pansi pa zinthu zolimbikitsa.
Kenaka, pang'onopang'ono yonjezerani phala m'madzi, pitirizani kuyambitsa kwa kanthawi, mpaka phala loyambirira likhale lofanana komanso lowonekera, siyani kuyambitsa, ndikuyiyika pa chitofu.
Mu galasi, tiyeni tiyime usiku wonse.
Kukonzekera kusindikiza phala
Choyamba sungunulani urea ndi anti-daying mchere S ndi madzi pang'ono, kenaka yikani utoto wokhazikika wosungunuka m'madzi, kutentha ndi kusonkhezera mu kusamba kwamadzi ofunda.
Mukayambitsa kwa kanthawi, onjezerani chakumwa cha utoto wosefedwa ku phala loyambirira ndikugwedeza mofanana. Onjezani kusungunuka mpaka mutayamba kusindikiza
Ubwino wa sodium bicarbonate. Mtundu wa phala wamitundu ndi: utoto wokhazikika 3%, phala loyambirira 80% (zolimba 3%), sodium bicarbonate 3%,
Mchere wotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa S ndi 2%, urea ndi 5%, ndipo pamapeto pake madzi amawonjezeredwa ku 100%.
ndondomeko yosindikiza
Njira yosindikizira utoto wa thonje: kukonza phala losindikizira → kusindikiza kwa maginito (pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika, kusindikiza katatu) → kuyanika (105℃, 10min) → nthunzi (105±2℃,10min) → kusamba m'madzi ozizira → otentha Kusamba ndi madzi (80 ℃)→kuwira sopo (sopo flakes 3g/L,
100 ℃, 10min) → kuchapa madzi otentha (80 ℃) → kuchapa madzi ozizira → kuyanika (60 ℃).
Kuyesa koyambira kwa phala loyambirira
Mayesero amtengo wapatali
Maphala anayi oyambilira a SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC okhala ndi zolimba zosiyanasiyana adakonzedwa, ndi Brookfield DV-Ⅱ
The mamasukidwe akayendedwe a phala lililonse osiyana olimba okhutira anayesedwa ndi viscometer, ndi kusintha pamapindikira mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi ndende anali phala mapangidwe mlingo wa phala.
chopindika.
Rheology ndi Printing Viscosity Index
Rheology: MCR301 rheometer yozungulira idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe (η) a phala loyambirira pamiyezo yometa ubweya wosiyanasiyana.
Kusintha kwa mayendedwe a shear ndi rheological curve.
Kusindikiza kwa viscosity index: Mlozera wa viscosity wosindikiza umawonetsedwa ndi PVI, PVI = η60/η6, pomwe η60 ndi η6 motsatana.
Kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira loyezedwa ndi Brookfield DV-II viscometer pa liwiro lomwelo la rotor la 60r/min ndi 6r/min.
kuyesa kusunga madzi
Yesani 25g ya phala loyambirira mu beaker ya 80mL, ndipo pang'onopang'ono onjezerani 25mL wa madzi osungunuka pamene mukuyambitsa kusakaniza.
Zimasakanizidwa mofanana. Tengani kachulukidwe fyuluta pepala ndi kutalika × m'lifupi 10cm × 1cm, ndipo lembani mbali imodzi ya pepala fyuluta ndi sikelo, ndiyeno ikani mapeto chizindikiro mu phala, kuti sikelo mzere likugwirizana ndi phala pamwamba, ndi nthawi imayambika pepala losefera litayikidwa, ndipo limalembedwa pa pepala losefera pakatha mphindi 30.
Kutalika komwe chinyezi chimakwera.
4 Chemical Compatibility Test
Pakusindikiza kwa utoto wokhazikika, yesani kuyenderana kwa phala loyambirira ndi utoto wina wophatikizidwa mu phala losindikiza,
Ndiko kuti, kuyanjana pakati pa phala loyambirira ndi zigawo zitatu (urea, sodium bicarbonate ndi anti-staining salt S), masitepe enieni oyesa ndi awa:
(1) Kuti muyese kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira, onjezerani 25mL wamadzi osungunuka ku 50g ya phala loyambirira losindikiza, gwedezani mofanana, ndiyeno muyese kukhuthala kwake.
The anapezedwa mamasukidwe amtengo wapatali ntchito monga kufotokoza mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
(2) Kuyesa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a phala choyambirira pambuyo kuwonjezera zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana (urea, sodium bicarbonate ndi odana kudetsa mchere S), ikani okonzeka 15%
Urea solution (chigawo chambiri), 3% anti-staining salt S solution (chigawo chambiri) ndi 6% sodium bicarbonate solution (chigawo chambiri)
25mL idawonjezeredwa ku 50g ya phala loyambirira motsatana, kusonkhezera mofanana ndikuyika kwa nthawi inayake, ndiyeno kuyeza kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira. Pomaliza, mamasukidwe akayendedwe adzayesedwa
Miyezo ya viscosity idayerekezedwa ndi kukhuthala kofananirako, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusinthika kwamakayendedwe a phala loyambirira kusanachitike komanso pambuyo powonjezera utoto ndi mankhwala aliwonse adawerengedwa.
Kuyesa Kukhazikika Kosungirako
Sungani phala lapachiyambi pa kutentha kwapakati (25 ° C) pansi pa kupanikizika kwabwino kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi, yesani kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira tsiku lililonse pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwezo, ndikuwerengera kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira patatha masiku 6 poyerekeza ndi kukhuthala kwa makulidwe. tsiku loyamba ndi formula 4-(1). Digiri ya dispersion ya phala lililonse loyambirira limawunikidwa ndi dispersion degree ngati index
Kukhazikika kosungirako, kucheperako kwa kubalalitsidwa, kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kosungirako kwa phala loyambirira.
Mayeso otsika mtengo
Choyamba pukutani nsalu ya thonje kuti isindikizidwe ku kulemera kosalekeza, kuyeza ndi kulemba ngati mA; kenaka muumitse nsalu ya thonje mutatha kusindikiza ku kulemera kosalekeza, muyese ndikulemba
ndi mB; potsiriza, nsalu ya thonje yosindikizidwa itatha kutentha, sopo ndi kuchapa zimauma mpaka kulemera kosalekeza, kuyesedwa ndi kulembedwa ngati mC.
Mayeso a manja
Choyamba, nsalu za thonje zisanayambe ndi kusindikiza zimatengedwa ngati zikufunikira, ndiyeno chida cha kalembedwe ka phabrometer chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa manja a nsalu.
Kumverera kwa manja kwa nsalu isanayambe ndi itatha kusindikiza kunayesedwa mozama poyerekezera makhalidwe atatu a manja akumva kusalala, kuuma ndi kufewa.
Mayeso othamanga amtundu wa nsalu zosindikizidwa
(1) Kuthamanga kwamtundu ku mayeso opaka
Yesani molingana ndi GB/T 3920-2008 "Kuthamanga kwamtundu mpaka kusisita kuti muyese msanga wa nsalu".
(2) Mayeso othamanga amtundu pakuchapa
Yesani molingana ndi GB/T 3921.3-2008 "Kuthamanga kwamtundu pakupanga sopo wa nsalu yoyesera kufulumira kwa utoto".
Phala lokhazikika lokhazikika/%
CMC
HEC
Mtengo wa HEMCC
SA
Kusiyanasiyana kokhotakhota kwa mamasukidwe amitundu inayi ya phala loyambirira lomwe lili ndi zolimba
ndi sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi
Ma curve a viscosity amitundu inayi ya phala loyambirira la hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose (HECMC) ngati ntchito yolimba.
, kukhuthala kwa ma phala anayi oyambirira kunawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zolimba, koma phala-kupanga katundu wa phala anayi oyambirira sanali ofanana, pakati pa SA.
Katundu wa CMC ndi HECMC ndiye wabwino kwambiri, ndipo katundu wa HEC ndiye woipa kwambiri.
Ma rheological performance curve of the pastes anayi oyambirira adayesedwa ndi MCR301 rotational rheometer.
- Viscosity curve ngati ntchito ya shear rate. Ma viscosities a pastes anayi oyambirira onse adawonjezeka ndi kumeta ubweya.
kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa, SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC onse ndi madzi a pseudoplastic. Table 4.3 PVI zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yaiwisi
Yaiwisi phala mtundu SA CMC HEC HECMC
Mtengo wa PVI 0.813 0.526 0.621 0.726
Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku Table 4.3 kuti printing viscosity index ya SA ndi HECMC ndi yayikulu komanso kukhuthala kwamapangidwe ndi kocheperako, ndiko kuti, phala loyambirira losindikiza.
Pansi pa mphamvu yotsika yometa ubweya wa ubweya, kusintha kwa viscosity kumakhala kochepa, ndipo n'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira za makina ozungulira ndi kusindikiza kwapamwamba; pomwe HEC ndi CMC
The kusindikiza mamasukidwe akayendedwe index wa CMC ndi 0.526 yekha, ndi structural mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti, choyambirira kusindikiza phala ali otsika kukameta ubweya mphamvu.
Pansi pakuchitapo, kusinthika kwa viscosity kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zazithunzi zozungulira komanso kusindikiza kwansanjika, ndipo kungakhale koyenera kusindikiza pakompyuta yokhala ndi manambala apamwamba kwambiri.
Zosavuta kupeza mawonekedwe omveka bwino ndi mizere. Viscosity/mPa·s
Rheological curves anayi 1% zolimba phala yaiwisi
Yaiwisi phala mtundu SA CMC HEC HECMC
h/cm 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.39
Zotsatira za mayeso osunga madzi a 1% SA, 1% CMC, 1% HEC ndi 1% HECMC phala loyambirira.
Zinapezeka kuti mphamvu yosungira madzi ku SA inali yabwino kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi CMC, ndipo moyipitsitsa ndi HECMC ndi HEC.
Kuyerekeza kwa Chemical Compatibility
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kukhuthala koyambirira kwa phala la SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC
Yaiwisi phala mtundu SA CMC HEC HECMC
Viscosity/mPa·s
Viscosity pambuyo powonjezera urea/mPa s
Viscosity mutawonjezera mchere wotsutsa S/mPa s
Viscosity pambuyo powonjezera sodium bicarbonate/mPa s
Ma viscosities anayi oyambirira a phala a SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC amasiyana ndi zowonjezera zitatu: urea, anti-staining salt S ndi
Zosintha pakuwonjezera kwa sodium bicarbonate zikuwonetsedwa patebulo. , kuwonjezera zowonjezera zitatu zazikulu, ku phala loyambirira
Mlingo wa kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe amasiyana kwambiri. Pakati pawo, kuwonjezera kwa urea kumatha kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira ndi pafupifupi 5%, komwe kungakhale.
Zimayamba chifukwa cha hygroscopic ndi kutupa kwa urea; ndi mchere wotsutsa-kudetsa S udzawonjezeranso pang'ono kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira, koma limakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa;
Kuphatikiza kwa sodium bicarbonate kunachepetsa kwambiri kukhuthala kwa phala loyambirira, pomwe CMC ndi HEC zidatsika kwambiri, komanso kukhuthala kwa HECMC/mPa · s.
66
Kachiwiri, kuyanjana kwa SA kuli bwino.
SA CMC HEC HECMC
-15
-10
-5
05
Urea
Anti-staining mchere S
sodium bicarbonate
Kugwirizana kwa ma pastes a SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC okhala ndi mankhwala atatu
Kuyerekeza kukhazikika kosungirako
Kubalalitsidwa kwa kukhuthala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ma pastes osiyanasiyana yaiwisi
Yaiwisi phala mtundu SA CMC HEC HECMC
Kubalalitsidwa/% 8.68 8.15 8. 98 8.83
ndi dispersion degree ya SA, CMC, HEC ndi HECMC pansi pa kukhuthala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ma pastes anayi oyambirira, dispersion
Kuchepa kwa mtengo wa digiri, kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kosungirako kofananako ndi phala loyambirira. Zitha kuwoneka patebulo kuti kukhazikika kosungirako kwa CMC yaiwisi yaiwisi ndikwabwino kwambiri
Kukhazikika kosungirako kwa HEC ndi HECMC yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi yochepa, koma kusiyana kwake sikofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-29-2022