Konkire : Katundu, Magawo Owonjezera ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino

Konkire ndi chinthu chomangira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chomwe chimadziwika ndi mphamvu zake, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha. Nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za konkriti, zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo zinthuzi, zovomerezeka zowonjezera, ndi njira zowongolera khalidwe:

Katundu wa Konkire:

1. Mphamvu Yopondereza: Kutha kwa konkriti kukana katundu wa axial, woyezedwa mu mapaundi pa inchi imodzi (psi) kapena megapascals (MPa).
2. Mphamvu Yamphamvu: Kutha kwa konkriti kukana mphamvu zomangika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu zopondereza.
3. Kukhalitsa: Kukana konkriti ku nyengo, kuukira kwa mankhwala, ma abrasion, ndi mitundu ina ya kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi.
4. Kugwira ntchito: Kumasuka komwe konkriti imatha kusakanikirana, kuyika, kuphatikizika, ndikumalizidwa kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna ndikumaliza.
5. Kachulukidwe: Kuchuluka kwa konkriti pagawo lililonse, zomwe zimakhudza kulemera kwake ndi kapangidwe kake.
6. Kutsika ndi Kutsika: Kusintha kwa voliyumu ndi kusinthika pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kuyanika, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndi katundu wokhazikika.
7. Kuthekera kwa konkire: Kutha kwa konkriti kukana kuyenda kwa madzi, mpweya, ndi zinthu zina kudzera mu pores ndi ma capillaries.

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera ndi Ntchito Zawo:

1. Mankhwala Ochepetsa Madzi (Superplasticizers): Sinthani magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa madzi osataya mphamvu.
2. Othandizira Othandizira M'mlengalenga: Yambitsani thovu la mpweya tosawoneka bwino kuti muchepetse kuzizira komanso kugwira ntchito.
3. Obwezeretsa: Kuchedwetsa nthawi yokhazikitsa kuti alole mayendedwe ataliatali, kuyika, ndi nthawi yomaliza.
4. Ma Accelerator: Fulumizirani nthawi yokhazikitsa, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
5. Pozzolans (mwachitsanzo, Fly Ash, Silica Fume): Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kukhalitsa, ndi kuchepetsa kutsekemera pochita ndi calcium hydroxide kupanga mankhwala owonjezera a simenti.
6. Ulusi (mwachitsanzo, Zitsulo, Zopangidwa): Imakulitsa kukana kwa ming'alu, kukana kukhudzidwa, komanso kulimba kwamphamvu.
7. Corrosion Inhibitors: Tetezani zitsulo zolimbitsa thupi kuti zisawonongeke ndi ayoni a kloride kapena carbonation.

Magawo Owonjezera Ovomerezeka:

• Magawo enieni a zowonjezera amadalira zinthu monga katundu wofunidwa wa konkriti, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, ndi zofunikira za polojekiti.
• Ziwerengero zimawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa simenti kapena kulemera kwathunthu kwa konkire.
• Mlingo uyenera kutsimikiziridwa potengera kuyezetsa kwa labotale, kusakanikirana koyeserera, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Njira Zowongolera Ubwino:

1. Kuyesa kwa Zida: Yesetsani kuyesa pazinthu zopangira (mwachitsanzo, zophatikizika, simenti, zowonjezera) kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikutsatira miyezo yoyenera ndi zomwe mukufuna.
2. Kuphatikizira ndi Kusakaniza: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyezera zolondola ndi zoyezera kuti zigwirizane, ndipo tsatirani njira zosakaniza zosakaniza kuti mukwaniritse kufanana ndi kusasinthasintha.
3. Kuyesa Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kusasinthasintha: Chitani mayeso otsika, kuyezetsa magazi, kapena mayeso a rheological kuti muwone momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndikusintha milingo yosakanikirana ngati pakufunika.
4. Kuchiza: Gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyenera zochizira (monga kuchiritsa konyowa, kuchiritsa mankhwala, kuchiritsa nembanemba) kuti mupewe kuyanika msanga komanso kulimbikitsa madzi.
5. Kuyesa Mphamvu: Yang'anirani kukula kwa mphamvu za konkriti pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera (mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwamphamvu kolimba) m'mibadwo yosiyanasiyana kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikutsatiridwa ndi kapangidwe kake.
6. Kutsimikizira Ubwino / Kuwongolera Ubwino (QA / QC) Mapulogalamu: Khazikitsani mapulogalamu a QA / QC omwe amaphatikizapo kufufuza nthawi zonse, zolemba, ndi zochita zowongolera kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwirizana ndi kutsata ndondomeko.

Pomvetsetsa mawonekedwe a konkire, kusankha zowonjezera zoyenera, kulamulira zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera khalidwe labwino, omanga amatha kupanga konkire yapamwamba yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera kulimba ndi moyo wautali wa zomangamanga.