Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa mafakitale ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kudzera mu kuyambitsa ndi kukonza makina opopera matope akunja, ukadaulo wopopera mbewu ndi pulasitala wapangidwa kwambiri mdziko langa mzaka zaposachedwa. Makina opopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi osiyana ndi matope wamba, omwe amafunikira kusungitsa madzi kwapamwamba, madzimadzi abwino komanso ntchito zina zotsutsa-sagging. Kawirikawiri, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose amawonjezeredwa kumatope, omwe mapadi a Ether (HPMC) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ntchito zazikulu za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC mumatope ndi: thickening ndi viscosifying, kusintha rheology, ndi mphamvu yabwino yosungira madzi. Komabe, zofooka za HPMC sizinganyalanyazidwe. HPMC ali ndi mpweya-entraining zotsatira, amene adzachititsa zambiri zolakwika mkati ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri mawotchi zimatha matope. Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. adaphunzira momwe HPMC imakhudzira kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira, kachulukidwe, mpweya komanso makina amatope kuchokera ku macroscopic, ndipo adaphunzira mphamvu ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC pa kapangidwe ka L ka matope kuchokera. mawonekedwe a microscopic. .
1. Mayeso
1.1 Zopangira
Simenti: zogulitsa P.0 42.5 simenti, 28d flexural ndi compressive mphamvu zake ndi 6.9 ndi 48.2 MPa motero; mchenga: Chengde zabwino mtsinje mchenga, 40-100 mauna; cellulose ether: opangidwa ndi Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ufa woyera, kukhuthala kwadzina 40, 100, 150, 200 Pa-s; madzi: madzi apampopi oyera.
1.2 Njira yoyesera
Malinga ndi JGJ/T 105-2011 "Malangizo Omanga Opangira Kupopera Ndi Kupaka kwa Mechanical", kusagwirizana kwa matope ndi 80-120 mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumaposa 90%. Pakuyesa uku, chiŵerengero cha laimu-mchenga chinakhazikitsidwa pa 1: 5, kusasinthasintha kumayendetsedwa pa (93 + 2) mm, ndipo ether ya cellulose inaphatikizidwa kunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kunachokera ku simenti ya simenti. Zofunikira za matope monga kunyowa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kusunga madzi, ndi kusasinthasintha zimayesedwa molingana ndi JGJ 70-2009 "Njira Zoyesera Zopangira Makhalidwe Omanga Mutondo", ndipo mpweya wake umayesedwa ndikuwerengedwa molingana ndi kachulukidwe. njira. Mayesero okonzekera, osinthasintha komanso okakamiza a zitsanzozo anachitidwa molingana ndi GB/T 17671-1999 "Njira Zoyesera Kulimba kwa Mchenga wa Simenti Wamatope (ISO Method)". Kutalika kwa mphutsi kumayesedwa ndi mercury porosimetry. Chitsanzo cha mercury porosimeter chinali AUTOPORE 9500, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kunali 5.5 nm-360 μm. Mayeso a 4 okwana adayesedwa. Chiŵerengero cha simenti-mchenga chinali 1: 5, kukhuthala kwa HPMC kunali 100 Pa-s, ndi mlingo 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (manambala ndi A, B, C, D motsatira).
2. Zotsatira ndi kusanthula
2.1 Zotsatira za HPMC pa kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi amatope a simenti
Kusunga madzi kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa matope kusunga madzi. Mu makina opopera matope, kuwonjezera palulose ether kumatha kusunga madzi bwino, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamadzimadzi azinthu zozikidwa pa simenti. Zotsatira za HPMC pakusunga madzi mumatope.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa HPMC zili, kuchuluka kwa madzi posungira matope kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Mapiritsi a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether okhala ndi viscosities ya 100, 150 ndi 200 Pa.s ali ofanana. Zomwe zili 0.05% -0.15%, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kumawonjezeka motsatira, ndipo pamene zomwe zili ndi 0.15%, madzi osungira madzi ndi aakulu kuposa 93%. ; Pamene kuchuluka kwa grits kupitirira 0.20%, kuwonjezereka kwa madzi osungira madzi kumakhala kosalekeza, kusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa HPMC kwatsala pang'ono kudzaza. Mphamvu yopindika ya kuchuluka kwa HPMC yokhala ndi mamasukidwe a 40 Pa.s pamlingo wosungira madzi ndi pafupifupi mzere wowongoka. Pamene kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu kuposa 0.15%, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo matope kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitundu itatu ya HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kofanana. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti njira yosungiramo madzi ya cellulose ether ndi: gulu la hydroxyl pa molekyulu ya cellulose ether ndi atomu ya okosijeni pa chomangira cha ether chidzalumikizana ndi molekyulu yamadzi kupanga chomangira cha haidrojeni, kuti madzi aulere azikhala omangika. , motero kusewera bwino kusunga madzi; Amakhulupiriranso kuti interdiffusion pakati mamolekyu madzi ndi mapadi etero maselo unyolo amalola mamolekyu madzi kulowa mkati mwa mapalo etere macromolecular unyolo ndi kugonjera mphamvu zomangira mphamvu, potero kuwongolera madzi posungira simenti slurry. Kusungidwa bwino kwa madzi kumatha kupangitsa kuti matope azikhala osakanikirana, osakhala osavuta kusiyanitsa, ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito osakanikirana, ndikuchepetsa kuvala kwamakina ndikuwonjezera moyo wa makina opopera matope.
2.2 Zotsatira za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC pa kachulukidwe ndi mpweya wa matope a simenti
Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC ndi 0-0.20%, kuchuluka kwa matope kumachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa HPMC, kuchokera ku 2050 kg / m3 kufika pa 1650kg / m3, yomwe ili pafupi 20% m'munsi; pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kumaposa 0,20%, kachulukidwe kameneka kamachepa. mu bata. Poyerekeza mitundu 4 ya HPMC yokhala ndi ma viscosity osiyanasiyana, kukwezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri, kumachepetsa kachulukidwe ka matope; ma curve olimba a matope okhala ndi ma viscosities osakanikirana a 150 ndi 200 Pa.s HPMC amaphatikizana, kuwonetsa kuti kukhuthala kwa HPMC kukupitilirabe, Kuchulukana sikuchepanso.
Lamulo la kusintha kwa mpweya mumatope ndi losiyana ndi kusintha kwa kachulukidwe ka matope. Pamene zili za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ndi 0-0.20%, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa HPMC okhutira, mpweya zili matope ukuwonjezeka pafupifupi linearly; Zomwe zili mu HPMC zimadutsa Pambuyo pa 0.20%, zomwe zili mumlengalenga sizisintha, kusonyeza kuti mpweya wodutsa mumatope uli pafupi ndi machulukitsidwe. Mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya HPMC yokhala ndi viscosity ya 150 ndi 200 Pa.s ndi yayikulu kuposa ya HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 40 ndi 100 Pa.s.
Mphamvu yolowera mpweya ya cellulose ether imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kapangidwe kake ka maselo. Ma cellulose ether ali ndi magulu onse a hydrophilic (hydroxyl, ether) ndi magulu a hydrophobic (methyl, glucose ring), ndipo ndi surfactant. , imakhala ndi ntchito yapamtunda, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera mpweya. Kumbali imodzi, mpweya woyambitsidwa ukhoza kukhala ngati mpira wonyamula mumatope, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yamatope, kuonjezera voliyumu, ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwa wopanga. Koma Komano, mpweya-entraining zotsatira kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wa matope ndi porosity pambuyo kuumitsa, kuchititsa kuwonjezeka pores zoipa ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri makina katundu. Ngakhale HPMC ili ndi mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya, siyingalowe m'malo mwa wothandizira mpweya. Komanso, pamene HPMC ndi mpweya-entraining wothandizila ntchito nthawi yomweyo, mpweya-entraining wothandizira akhoza kulephera.
2.3 Zotsatira za HPMC pamakina amatope a simenti
Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC ndi 0.05% yokha, mphamvu ya flexural ya matope imachepa kwambiri, yomwe ili pafupi ndi 25% yotsika kuposa chitsanzo chopanda kanthu popanda hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza imatha kufika 65% ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu - 80%. Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kupitirira 0,20%, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu yopondereza ya matope sikudziwika. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe a HPMC ali ndi zotsatira zochepa pa makina zimatha matope. HPMC imayambitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya, ndipo mphamvu yolowera mpweya pamatope imawonjezera porosity yamkati ndi pores zovulaza zamatope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zopondereza komanso mphamvu zosinthika. Chifukwa china cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya matope ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi ya cellulose ether, yomwe imasunga madzi mumatope owuma, ndipo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha madzi-binder chimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya chipika choyesera. Pakuti makina zomangamanga matope, ngakhale mapadi ether akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera mlingo madzi posungira matope ndi kusintha workability ake, ngati mlingo ndi lalikulu kwambiri, izo kwambiri zimakhudza mawotchi zimatha matope, kotero ubale pakati pa awiri ayenera kuyeza zomveka.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mu hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, chiŵerengero chopindika cha matope chinawonetsa kuchulukirachulukira, komwe kwenikweni kunali ubale wa mzere. Ichi ndi chifukwa anawonjezera mapadi etero anayambitsa ambiri mpweya thovu, amene amachititsa zambiri zofooka mkati matope, ndi compressive mphamvu ya kalozera ananyamuka matope amachepetsa kwambiri, ngakhale mphamvu flexural komanso amachepetsa kumlingo wakutiwakuti; koma cellulose ether imatha kusintha kusinthasintha kwa matope, Zimapindulitsa ku mphamvu ya flexural, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchepa. Poganizira mozama, zotsatira zophatikizana ziwirizi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero chopinda.
2.4 Zotsatira za HPMC pamlingo wa L wa matope
Kuchokera pamapindikira ogawa kukula kwa pore, kukula kwa pore kukula ndi magawo osiyanasiyana owerengera a zitsanzo za AD, zitha kuwoneka kuti HPMC imakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ka matope a simenti:
(1) Pambuyo powonjezera HPMC, kukula kwa pore kwa matope a simenti kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Pa poto yogawa kukula kwa pore, dera la chithunzicho limasunthira kumanja, ndipo mtengo wa pore womwe umagwirizana ndi mtengo wake umakulirakulira. Pambuyo powonjezera HPMC, pore yapakati ya matope a simenti ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa chitsanzo chopanda kanthu, ndipo kutalika kwa pore yachitsanzo ndi 0.3% mlingo kumawonjezeka ndi ma 2 magnitude poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chopanda kanthu.
(2) Gawani ma pores mu konkriti mu mitundu inayi, yomwe ili yopanda vuto (≤20 nm), ma pores osavulaza (20-100 nm), ma pores owopsa (100-200 nm) ndi ma pores ambiri owopsa (≥200 nm). Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku Table 1 kuti chiwerengero cha mabowo opanda vuto kapena mabowo osavulaza amachepetsedwa kwambiri mutatha kuwonjezera HPMC, ndipo chiwerengero cha mabowo ovulaza kapena mabowo owopsa chikuwonjezeka. Ma pores opanda vuto kapena ma pores osavulaza a zitsanzo omwe sanasakanizidwe ndi HPMC ndi pafupifupi 49.4%. Pambuyo powonjezera HPMC, ma pores osavulaza kapena ma pores ocheperako amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kutengera mlingo wa 0.1% mwachitsanzo, ma pores opanda vuto kapena ma pores ocheperako amachepetsedwa ndi 45%. %, kuchuluka kwa mabowo owopsa kuposa 10um kudakwera pafupifupi 9 nthawi.
(3) Miyezo yapakati ya pore, pafupifupi pore m'mimba mwake, voliyumu ya pore yeniyeni ndi malo enieni apansi samatsatira lamulo losintha kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi chitsanzo chosankhidwa mu mayeso a jekeseni wa mercury. zokhudzana ndi kusamba kwakukulu. Koma ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa pore wapakatikati, kuchuluka kwa pore ndi kuchuluka kwapore kwachitsanzo chosakanizidwa ndi HPMC kumawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zopanda kanthu, pomwe malo enieniwo amachepa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023