Kodi zofunika za zopangira za matope a masonry ndi ziti?

Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope omangira zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira momwe zinthu zomalizidwira zimagwirira ntchito, mtundu wake, komanso kulimba kwake. Zofunikira pazida zopangira matope a masonry zimaphatikizapo izi:

1. Zida Za Cementitious:
   • Simenti ya Portland: Simenti wamba ku Portland (OPC) kapena simenti wosakanikirana monga simenti ya Portland yokhala ndi phulusa la ntchentche kapena slag amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira chachikulu mumatope omanga. Simentiyo iyenera kutsata miyezo yoyenera ya ASTM kapena EN ndikukhala ndi zabwinobwino, nthawi yokhazikitsa, komanso mphamvu zopondereza.
   • Laimu: Laimu wothira madzi kapena laimu putty atha kuwonjezeredwa pamipangidwe yamatope kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, pulasitiki, komanso kulimba. Laimu amathandizira mgwirizano pakati pa matope ndi mayunitsi amiyala ndipo amathandizira kuchepetsa kutsika ndi kusweka.
2. Magulu:
   • Mchenga: Mchenga woyera, wowoneka bwino, komanso kukula kwake koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zomwe mukufuna, kugwirira ntchito, komanso mawonekedwe a matope omanga. Mchenga uyenera kukhala wopanda zonyansa zakuthupi, dongo, dongo, ndi chindapusa chambiri. Mchenga wachilengedwe kapena wopangidwa ndi ASTM kapena EN womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
   • Aggregate gradation: The tinthu kukula kugawa aggregates ayenera mosamala ankalamulira kuonetsetsa okwanira tinthu kulongedza katundu ndi kuchepetsa voids mu matope masanjidwewo. Zophatikizidwira bwino zimathandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu, ndi kulimba kwa matope omanga.
3. Madzi:
   • Madzi oyera, amchere opanda zowononga, mchere, ndi mchere wambiri amafunikira posakaniza matope omanga. Chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti chikhale chokhazikika, chogwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu ya matope. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatha kupangitsa kuchepa mphamvu, kuchulukirachulukira, komanso kusakhazikika bwino.
4. Zowonjezera ndi Zosakaniza:
   • Plasticizers: Zosakaniza za mankhwala monga mapulasitiki ochepetsera madzi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mapangidwe a matope kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa madzi, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda ndi kusasinthasintha kwa matope.
   • Zopangira mpweya: Zophatikiza zopatsira mpweya nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope kuti azitha kuzizira, kugwira ntchito, komanso kulimba pophunzitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya mumatope.
   • Zotsalira ndi zothamangitsira: Zosakaniza zochedwetsa kapena zofulumizitsa zitha kuphatikizidwa m'mapangidwe amatope kuti athe kuwongolera nthawi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pansi pa kutentha ndi chinyezi.
5. Zida Zina:
   • Zipangizo za Pozzolanic: Zida zowonjezera za simenti monga phulusa la ntchentche, slag, kapena fume la silika likhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku matope a masonry kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kukana kumenyana ndi sulfate ndi alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
   • Ulusi: Ulusi wopangidwa kapena wachilengedwe ukhoza kuphatikizidwa m'mapangidwe amatope kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa ming'alu, kukana kukhudzidwa, komanso kulimba kwamphamvu.

zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope a miyala ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba, ndondomeko, ndi machitidwe kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino, zimakhala zolimba, komanso zimagwirizana ndi mayunitsi a zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga. Kuwongolera kwaubwino ndi kuyesa kwazinthu zopangira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika komanso kudalirika pakupanga matope omanga.