Ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ili yochepetsera madzi ndipo ndi mikhalidwe yotani?

Zochepetsera madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti mapulasitiki kapena ma superplasticizers, ndi zowonjezera za mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu konkire ndi matope osakaniza kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito, kuchepetsa madzi, komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya zinthuzo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya othandizira ochepetsera madzi, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso ntchito zake. Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino:

1. Lignosulfonates: Lignosulfonates amachokera ku zamkati zamatabwa ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yochepetsera madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza konkire kuti azitha kugwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Lignosulfonates ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti.
2. Naphthalene Sulfonates: Naphthalene sulfonate-based water reducers ndi othandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa madzi osakanikirana ndi konkriti pamene amathandizira kuyenda ndi kugwira ntchito. Iwo ali oyenerera makamaka kupanga konkire yamphamvu kwambiri ndi madzi otsika ndi simenti. Naphthalene sulfonates ingathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulekanitsa ndi kutaya magazi mu konkire.
3. Melamine Sulfonates: Ochepetsa madzi opangidwa ndi melamine amapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera madzi poyerekeza ndi lignosulfonates ndi naphthalene sulfonates. Amapereka kugwirira ntchito kwabwino kwambiri, kulimba koyambirira koyambirira, komanso kukhazikika kokhazikika muzosakaniza za konkriti. Melamine sulfonates nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa konkriti yogwira ntchito kwambiri monga precast ndi prestressed konkriti.
4. Ma Polycarboxylate Ethers (PCEs): Ma polycarboxylate ethers ndi m'badwo watsopano wa othandizira ochepetsera madzi omwe amadziwika kuti amagwira ntchito bwino komanso amasinthasintha. Amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi osakanikirana ndi konkire pamene akusunga kuyenda ndi kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Ma PCE amapereka kuyanjana kwabwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya simenti ndi zosakaniza ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga konkire yodziphatika (SCC) ndi ntchito zopangira konkriti (HPC).
5. Zosakaniza Zosakaniza: Mankhwala ena ochepetsera madzi amapangidwa ngati osakaniza, omwe angaphatikizepo kusakaniza kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zenizeni. Zosakaniza izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zofananira, monga kusungika bwino kwa slump, kulimbikitsa kukula kwamphamvu, kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya.

Makhalidwe a othandizira ochepetsa madzi angaphatikizepo:

• Kuchepetsa Madzi: Ntchito yaikulu ya othandizira kuchepetsa madzi ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osakaniza ofunikira kuti akwaniritse kugwirizana koyenera kwa konkire kapena matope osakaniza. Izi zimathandiza kulimbitsa mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kugwira ntchito kwa zinthuzo pamene kuchepetsa chiopsezo cholekanitsa ndi kutaya magazi.
• Kugwira ntchito: Othandizira kuchepetsa madzi amapangitsa kuti zosakaniza za konkriti zizigwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika ndikuphatikizana popanda kupereka mphamvu kapena kugwirizana. Amathandiza kuonetsetsa kugawidwa kofanana kwa ma aggregates ndi zida za simenti panthawi yonseyi.
• Kugwirizana: Zochepetsera madzi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zosakaniza zina ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza konkire, monga ma air-entraining agents, set retarders, ndi accelerators. Kugwirizana kumatsimikizira kuti zomwe mukufuna komanso magwiridwe antchito a konkire zimatheka popanda zovuta kapena zoyipa.
• Mlingo wa Mlingo: Kuchita bwino kwa othandizira ochepetsa madzi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mlingo, womwe umawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu za simenti zomwe zili mumsanganizo. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa mlingo ukhoza kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga mtundu wa simenti, mawonekedwe ophatikizana, kutentha kozungulira, ndi zinthu zofunidwa za konkire.
• Kukhazikitsa Nthawi: Othandizira ena ochepetsera madzi amatha kusokoneza nthawi yoyika konkriti, kufulumizitsa kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi yoyambira ndi yomaliza. Mlingo woyenera ndi kusankha zochepetsera madzi ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna pakupanga ntchito zinazake.
• Mtengo ndi Kagwiridwe kake: Kulingalira monga kukwera mtengo, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, ndi ndondomeko ya pulojekiti zimathandizira kwambiri posankha wothandizira kuchepetsa madzi pa ntchito inayake. Ndikofunikira kuunika ubwino ndi malire a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochepetsera madzi kuti mudziwe njira yoyenera kwambiri pazantchito.

ochepetsera madzi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa zosakaniza za konkriti ndi matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomangamanga ziziyenda bwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe ka nyumba zomalizidwa.