Chiyambi cha Thonje ndi Ma cellulose
Thonje, ulusi wachilengedwe wochokera ku thonje, umapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose. Cellulose, chakudya chamagulu ambiri, ndi gawo lalikulu la makoma a maselo a zomera, omwe amapereka chithandizo chokhazikika. Kuchotsa cellulose yoyera ku thonje kumaphatikizapo kulekanitsa ulusi wa cellulose kuchokera kuzinthu zina za thonje, monga lignin, hemicellulose, ndi pectin.
Anatomy ya Chomera cha Thonje
Kumvetsetsa momwe mbewu ya thonje imapangidwira ndikofunikira pakuchotsa cellulose. Ulusi wa thonje ndi ma trichome a mbewu, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a epidermal a cottonseed. Ulusi umenewu umapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose, wokhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa, sera, ndi shuga. Ulusi wa thonje umamera m'mabokosi, omwe ndi makapisozi oteteza omwe amatsekera njere.
Njira Yopangira Ma cellulose
Kukolola: Ntchito imayamba ndi kukolola thonje zokhwima kuchokera ku thonje. Kukolola mwamakina ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri, pomwe makina amachotsa ziboliboli ku zomera.
Ginning: Pambuyo pokolola, thonje limayamba ginning, kumene njere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ulusi. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kudutsa thonje kudzera mu makina a gin omwe amachotsa njere mu ulusi.
Kuyeretsa: Akasiyanitsidwa ndi njere, ulusi wa thonje umayeretsedwa kuti achotse zonyansa monga dothi, masamba, ndi zinthu zina za zomera. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti cellulose yotulutsidwayo ndi yoyera kwambiri.
Makhadi: Makhadi ndi njira yamakina yomwe imagwirizanitsa ulusi wa thonje kukhala ukonde wopyapyala. Imachotsa zonyansa zilizonse zotsala ndikugwirizanitsa ulusi pokonzekera kukonzanso.
Degumming: Ulusi wa thonje uli ndi zonyansa zachilengedwe monga sera, pectins, ndi hemicellulose, zomwe zimatchedwa "chingamu." Degumming imaphatikizapo kuchiza ulusi wa thonje ndi mankhwala a alkaline kapena ma enzyme kuti achotse zonyansazi.
Bleaching: Kutsuka ndi njira yosankha koma nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa ulusi wa cellulose ndikuwonjezera kuyera kwake. Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera zinthu monga hydrogen peroxide kapena zotumphukira za chlorine zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita izi.
Mercerization: Mercerization imaphatikizapo kuchitira ulusi wa cellulose ndi caustic alkali solution, nthawi zambiri sodium hydroxide. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti ulusiwo ukhale wamphamvu, wonyezimira, ndiponso umagwirizana kwambiri ndi utoto, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ulusiwo ukhale woyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Acid Hydrolysis: Nthawi zina, makamaka zopangira mafakitale, asidi hydrolysis angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti awononge cellulose kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono, tofanana kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchitira cellulose ndi asidi wochepetsedwa pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa kuti hydrolyze zomangira za glycosidic, kutulutsa maunyolo amfupi a cellulose kapena cellulose nanocrystals.
Kuchapa ndi Kuumitsa: Pambuyo pa mankhwala, ulusi wa cellulose amatsukidwa bwino kuti achotse mankhwala otsala kapena zonyansa zilizonse. Pambuyo pake, ulusiwo umauma kuti ukhale chinyezi chomwe chimafunidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pure Cellulose
Ma cellulose opangidwa kuchokera ku thonje amapeza ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:
Zovala: Ulusi wa Cellulose umakulungidwa kukhala ulusi ndipo amalukidwa kukhala nsalu za zovala, zapakhomo, ndi ntchito za mafakitale.
Mapepala ndi Mapepala: Ma cellulose ndi chigawo chachikulu cha mapepala, mapepala, ndi makatoni.
Ma biofuel: Ma cellulose amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma biofuel monga ethanol kudzera munjira ngati enzymatic hydrolysis ndi nayonso mphamvu.
Mafakitale a Chakudya ndi Mankhwala: Ma cellulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonenepa, zokhazikika, ndi zokometsera muzakudya ndi mankhwala.
Zodzoladzola: Zochokera ku cellulose zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzoladzola ndi zinthu zodzisamalira kuti zikhale zokhuthala komanso zokhazikika.
Kutulutsa cellulose yoyera ku thonje kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zamakina ndi mankhwala zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulekanitsa ulusi wa cellulose kuchokera kuzinthu zina za thonje ndikuziyeretsa. Kumvetsetsa momwe mbewu ya thonje imapangidwira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera monga ginning, degumming, bleaching, ndi mercerization ndikofunikira kuti mupeze cellulose wapamwamba kwambiri. Ma cellulose oyera omwe amapezedwa kuchokera ku thonje amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale, kuchokera ku nsalu ndi kupanga mapepala mpaka ku biofuel ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale zachilengedwe zosunthika komanso zamtengo wapatali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2024