1 Mawu Oyamba
China yakhala ikulimbikitsa matope osakanizidwa okonzeka kwa zaka zopitilira 20.Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, madipatimenti aboma adziko lonse awona kufunika kopanga matope osakanizidwa bwino ndikupereka mfundo zolimbikitsa.Pakadali pano, pali zigawo ndi ma municipalities opitilira 10 mdziko muno omwe agwiritsa ntchito matope osakanizidwa okonzeka.Kupitilira 60%, pali mabizinesi opitilira 800 okonzeka osakanikirana pamwamba pa sikelo wamba, omwe amapanga matani 274 miliyoni pachaka.Mu 2021, kupanga kwapachaka kwamatope osakanikirana okonzeka kunali matani 62.02 miliyoni.
Panthawi yomanga, matope nthawi zambiri amataya madzi ochulukirapo ndipo alibe nthawi yokwanira komanso madzi kuti azitha kusungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zosakwanira komanso kusweka kwa phala la simenti pambuyo pouma.Cellulose ether ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chophatikizika cha polima mumatope osakaniza owuma.Lili ndi ntchito zosunga madzi, kukhuthala, kuchedwetsa ndi kulowetsa mpweya, ndipo zimatha kusintha kwambiri ntchito ya matope.
Pofuna kupanga matope kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zoyendera ndi kuthetsa mavuto a kusweka ndi mphamvu zochepa zomangirira, ndizofunika kwambiri kuwonjezera pa cellulose ether kumatope.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule makhalidwe a cellulose ether ndi chikoka chake pa ntchito ya zipangizo zopangira simenti, ndikuyembekeza kuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi luso la matope okonzeka osakaniza.
2 Chiyambi cha cellulose ether
Ma cellulose Ether (Cellulose Ether) amapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose kudzera mu etherification reaction ya imodzi kapena zingapo etherification agents ndi kugaya youma.
2.1 Gulu la cellulose ethers
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kazinthu zolowa m'malo mwa ether, ma cellulose ether amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma anionic, cationic ndi nonionic ethers.Ma Ionic cellulose ethers makamaka amaphatikizapo carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC);non-ionic cellulose ethers makamaka monga methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) ndi hydroxyethyl CHIKWANGWANI Etere (HC) ndi zina zotero.Ma ether osakhala a ionic amagawidwa kukhala ma ether osungunuka m'madzi ndi ma ether osungunuka ndi mafuta.Ma ether osasungunuka m'madzi osagwiritsa ntchito ma ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamatope.Pamaso pa ayoni a calcium, ma ionic cellulose ethers ndi osakhazikika, choncho sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri muzitsulo zowuma zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito simenti, laimu wa slaked, ndi zina zotero.Ma cellulose ethers osagwiritsa ntchito ma ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira zida zomangira chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo ndikusunga madzi.
Malinga ndi ma etherification osiyanasiyana omwe amasankhidwa mu njira ya etherification, zinthu za cellulose ether zimaphatikizapo methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose Ethyl, benzyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, phenyl cellulose.
Ma cellulose ethers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Pakati pawo, HPMC ndi HEMC ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
2.2 The mankhwala katundu wa cellulose ether
Ether iliyonse ya cellulose imakhala ndi kapangidwe ka cellulose-anhydroglucose.Popanga ether ya cellulose, ulusi wa cellulose umayamba kutenthedwa mu njira ya alkaline kenako ndikuthandizidwa ndi etherifying agent.The fibrous reaction mankhwala amayeretsedwa ndi pansi kupanga yunifolomu ufa ndi fineness inayake.
Popanga MC, methyl chloride yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherifying agent;kuwonjezera pa methyl chloride, propylene oxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupeza zolowa m'malo mwa hydroxypropyl popanga HPMC.Ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi ma methyl ndi hydroxypropyl m'malo osiyanasiyana, omwe amakhudza kuyanjana kwa organic ndi kutentha kwa gel osakaniza a cellulose ether solution.
2.3 Makhalidwe osungunuka a cellulose ether
Makhalidwe osungunuka a cellulose ether ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa matope a simenti.Ma cellulose ether angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano ndi kusunga madzi kwa matope a simenti, koma izi zimadalira pa cellulose ether kukhala kwathunthu ndi kusungunuka kwathunthu m'madzi.Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka kwa cellulose ether ndi nthawi yowonongeka, kuthamanga kwachangu ndi fineness ufa.
2.4 Ntchito yomira mumatope a simenti
Monga chowonjezera chofunikira cha simenti slurry, Destroy imakhala ndi zotsatira zake pazinthu zotsatirazi.
(1) Sinthani magwiridwe antchito a matope ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa matope.
Kuphatikizira ndege yamoto kumatha kuletsa matope kuti asalekanitse ndikupeza thupi lofanana ndi pulasitiki.Mwachitsanzo, matumba omwe amaphatikizapo HEMC, HPMC, ndi zina zotero, ndizosavuta kupanga matope opyapyala ndi pulasitala., kukameta ubweya mlingo, kutentha, kugwa ndende ndi kusungunuka mchere ndende.
(2) Imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya.
Chifukwa cha zonyansa, kuyambitsa magulu mu particles kumachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo n'zosavuta kufotokoza mokhazikika, yunifolomu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumatope osakanikirana ndi kugwedeza pamwamba pa ndondomekoyi."Kuchita bwino kwa mpira" kumathandizira ntchito yomanga matope, kumachepetsa chinyezi chamatope ndikuchepetsa kutenthetsa kwamatope.Mayesero asonyeza kuti pamene kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kwa HEMC ndi HPMC ndi 0.5%, mpweya wa matope ndi waukulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 55%;pamene kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kuli kwakukulu kuposa 0.5%, zomwe zili mumatope pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kukhala gasi pamene ndalama zikuwonjezeka.
(3) Khalani osasintha.
Sera imatha kusungunuka, kupaka mafuta ndi kusonkhezera mumtondo, ndikuthandizira kusalaza kwa wosanjikiza woonda wa matope ndi pulasitala ufa.Sichiyenera kunyowetsedwa pasadakhale.Pambuyo pomanga, zinthu za cementitious zimatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya hydration mosalekeza m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti zithandizire kumamatira pakati pa matope ndi gawo lapansi.
Kusintha kwa cellulose ether pazinthu zatsopano zopangira simenti makamaka kumaphatikizapo kukhuthala, kusunga madzi, kulowetsa mpweya ndi kuchedwa.Ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa ma cellulose ethers muzinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti, kuyanjana pakati pa ma cellulose ethers ndi slurry simenti pang'onopang'ono kukukhala malo opangira kafukufuku.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-16-2021