Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi chochokera m'madzi chosungunuka cha cellulose chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amafuta ndi gasi, makamaka popanga ma fracturing fluid.Hydraulic fracturing, yomwe imadziwika kuti fracking, ndi njira yolimbikitsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kutulutsa kwamafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe m'madamu apansi panthaka.Ma PAC amatenga maudindo osiyanasiyana ofunikira pakupanga ndi kuchita ma hydraulic fracturing, zomwe zimathandizira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira mtima, yokhazikika komanso yopambana.
1. Mawu oyamba a polyanionic cellulose (PAC):
Ma cellulose a Polyanionic amachokera ku cellulose, polima wachilengedwe wopezeka m'makoma a cellulose.Kupanga kwa PAC kumaphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwa mankhwala a cellulose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anionic polima asungunuke m'madzi.Kapangidwe kake kapadera kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ma fracturing fluid.
2. Udindo wa PAC mu fracturing fluid:
Kuwonjezera PAC kumadzi ophwanyidwa kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake, kuwongolera kutayika kwamadzimadzi, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amadzimadzi.Katundu wake wochita ntchito zambiri amathandizira kuti ma hydraulic fracturing apambane m'njira zambiri.
2.1 Kusintha kwa Rheological:
PAC imagwira ntchito ngati rheology modifier, yomwe imakhudza kukhuthala ndi mawonekedwe akuyenda kwamadzi ophwanyidwa.Kuwongolera mamasukidwe owoneka bwino ndikofunikira kuti pakhale njira yabwino yoperekera, kuwonetsetsa kuti woperekayo amanyamulidwa bwino ndikuyikidwa mkati mwa ming'alu yomwe idapangidwa popanga miyala.
2.2 Kuwongolera kutayika kwa madzi:
Chimodzi mwazovuta za hydraulic fracturing ndikuletsa madzi ochulukirapo kuti asatayike mu mapangidwe.PAC imatha kuwongolera bwino kutayika kwa madzi ndikupanga keke yoteteza fyuluta pamtunda wosweka.Izi zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa fracture, kumalepheretsa kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kupitilirabe bwino.
2.3 Kukhazikika kwa kutentha:
PAC ndi yokhazikika kutentha, chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito za hydraulic fracturing, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kukhudzana ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana.Kuthekera kwa PAC kusunga magwiridwe antchito ake pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha kumathandizira kudalirika ndi kupambana kwa fracturing.
3. Kusamala pa fomula:
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa PAC muzamadzimadzi ophwanyidwa kumafuna kulingalira mozama za magawo opangira.Izi zikuphatikiza kusankha kwa kalasi ya PAC, kukhazikika, komanso kuyanjana ndi zina zowonjezera.Mgwirizano wapakati pa PAC ndi zigawo zina zamadzimadzi ophwanyika, monga ma cross-linkers ndi breaker, ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
4. Zolinga za chilengedwe ndi malamulo:
Pamene chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi malamulo oyendetsera ma hydraulic fracturing akupitilirabe kusinthika, kugwiritsa ntchito ma PAC mumadzi ophwanyidwa kumagwirizana ndi zoyesayesa zamakampani kuti apange mapangidwe osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe.PAC ndiyosungunuka m'madzi komanso yosawonongeka, imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi zowonjezera zamadzi mu hydraulic fracturing.
5. Maphunziro a zochitika ndi ntchito za m'munda:
Maphunziro angapo amilandu ndi ntchito zam'munda zikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa PAC mu hydraulic fracturing.Zitsanzozi zikuwonetsa kuwongolera kwa magwiridwe antchito, kutsika mtengo komanso ubwino wa chilengedwe pophatikiza PAC m'mapangidwe amadzimadzi ophwanyika.
6. Zovuta ndi zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo:
Ngakhale kuti PAC yatsimikizira kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuphwanyidwa kwa madzi, zovuta zimakhalabe monga kuyanjana ndi madzi ena opangira komanso kufunikira kwa kufufuza kwina pazovuta zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yaitali.Zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu zitha kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi zovutazi, komanso kufufuza njira zatsopano ndi matekinoloje kuti awonjezere mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito za hydraulic fracturing.
7. Mapeto:
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga madzi ophwanyidwa amadzimadzi opangira ma hydraulic fracturing pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi.Makhalidwe ake apadera amathandizira kuwongolera kwa rheology, kupewa kutayika kwamadzimadzi komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha, potsirizira pake kumapangitsa kupambana kwa fracturing.Pamene makampaniwa akupitabe patsogolo, kugwiritsa ntchito PAC kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira za chilengedwe ndi zofunikira zoyendetsera ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga machitidwe okhazikika a hydraulic fracturing.Kafukufuku ndi ntchito zachitukuko zomwe zikuchitika zingapangitse kuti pakhale kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe ka madzimadzi opangidwa ndi PAC, kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana ya geological ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2023