Mitundu ya ma admixtures omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga matope osakanizika owuma, mawonekedwe awo amagwirira ntchito, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso chikoka chawo pakupanga zinthu zamatope owuma.Kusintha kwa zinthu zosungira madzi monga cellulose ether ndi starch ether, redispersible latex powder ndi fiber materials pa ntchito ya matope osakaniza owuma anakambidwa motsindika.
Ma Admixtures amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga matope osakanizika, koma kuwonjezera matope osakanizika owuma kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wazinthu zopangira matope owuma ukhale wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa matope achikhalidwe, omwe amapitilira 40%. mtengo wazinthu mumtondo wosakanizika wowuma.Pakalipano, gawo lalikulu la admixture limaperekedwa ndi opanga akunja, ndipo mlingo wa mankhwalawo umaperekedwanso ndi wogulitsa.Zotsatira zake, mtengo wazinthu zamatope owuma umakhalabe wokwera, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kufalitsa matope wamba ndi matope opaka utoto wambiri komanso madera ambiri;malonda apamwamba a msika amayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo opanga matope owuma owuma ali ndi phindu lochepa komanso kusalolera kwamtengo wapatali;Palibe kafukufuku wokhazikika komanso wolunjika pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndipo njira zakunja zimatsatiridwa mwachimbulimbuli.
Kutengera pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, pepalali limasanthula ndikufanizira zinthu zina zophatikizika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo pamaziko awa, amaphunzira momwe zinthu zamatope zowuma zimagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza.
1 wothandizira madzi
Chosungira madzi ndichophatikizira chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kusunga madzi amatope osakanizika owuma, komanso ndi chimodzi mwazosakaniza zofunika kudziwa mtengo wazinthu zosakanikirana ndi dothi.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mawu wamba pa mndandanda wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent nthawi zina.Ma cellulose a alkali amasinthidwa ndi ma etherifying othandizira kuti apeze ma cellulose ethers osiyanasiyana.Malinga ndi ma ionization a zinthu zolowa m'malo, ma cellulose ether amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi non-ionic (monga methyl cellulose).Malinga ndi mtundu wa zolowa m'malo, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa kukhala monoether (monga methyl cellulose) ndi ether yosakanikirana (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Malingana ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, kumatha kugawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent-soluble (monga ethyl cellulose), etc. ogaŵikana mtundu nthawi yomweyo ndi padziko ankachitira anachedwa Kutha mtundu.
Limagwirira ntchito ya cellulose ether mu matope ndi motere:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta pakusungunuka m'madzi otentha.Koma kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kumakhalanso bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumakhudzana ndi kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu, ndipo kukula kwake kwa molekyulu kumapangitsa kukhuthala kwamphamvu.Kutentha kumakhudzanso kukhuthala kwake, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kumachepa.Komabe, kukhuthala kwake kwakukulu kumakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa methyl cellulose.Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika likasungidwa kutentha.
(3) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala kwake, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake komwe kumasungira madzi pansi pa kuchuluka komweko ndikokwera kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku asidi ndi alkali, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 2 ~ 12.Madzi a caustic ndi laimu sakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa ntchito yake, koma alkali amatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wamba, koma pamene mchere wa mchere uli wambiri, kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution kumawonjezeka.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose akhoza kusakaniza ndi madzi sungunuka polima mankhwala kupanga yunifolomu ndi apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe njira.Monga polyvinyl mowa, wowuma ether, masamba chingamu, etc.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa enzyme kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo yankho lake silingawonongeke ndi michere kuposa methylcellulose.
(7) Kumamatira kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumapangidwe amatope ndikokwera kuposa methylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Thonje woyengedwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alkali, cellulose ether imapangidwa kudzera muzochita zingapo ndi methane chloride ngati etherification agent.Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo kusungunuka kwake kumasiyananso ndi magawo osiyanasiyana olowa m'malo.Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha.Njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yokhazikika pa pH = 3 ~ 12.Iwo ali ngakhale bwino ndi wowuma, guar chingamu, etc. ndi surfactants ambiri.Pamene kutentha kufika kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
(2) Kusungidwa kwa madzi kwa methyl cellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake, kukhuthala, kukongola kwa tinthu ndi kusungunuka kwake.Nthawi zambiri, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, fineness ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mamasukidwe ake ndiakuluakulu, kuchuluka kwa kusunga madzi kumakhala kwakukulu.Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, ndipo msinkhu wa viscosity suli wofanana mwachindunji ndi mlingo wa kusunga madzi.The Kusungunuka mlingo makamaka zimadalira mlingo wa padziko kusinthidwa kwa mapadi particles ndi tinthu fineness.Pakati pa ma cellulose ethers omwe ali pamwambawa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ali ndi milingo yayikulu yosungira madzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kudzakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi a methyl cellulose.Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamasungidwe kwambiri.Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40 ° C, kusungirako madzi kwa methyl cellulose kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga matope.
(4) Methyl cellulose imakhudza kwambiri kumanga ndi kumamatira kwamatope.“Kumatira” pano kukutanthauza mphamvu yomatira yomwe imamveka pakati pa chida cha wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gawo lapansi la khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope.Kumamatira kumakhala kwakukulu, kukana kukameta ubweya wa matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe ogwira ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ntchito yomanga matope ndi yosauka.Methyl cellulose adhesion ali pamlingo wocheperako muzinthu za cellulose ether.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Amapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa lopangidwa ndi alkali, ndipo amachita ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherification agent pamaso pa acetone.Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 ~ 2.0.Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma ndizovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha.Yankho lake ndi khola pa kutentha popanda gelling.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu mumatope, koma kusungirako madzi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ndi okhazikika ku acid ndi zamchere.Alkali imatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwake pang'ono.Kuwonongeka kwake m'madzi kumakhala koyipa pang'ono kuposa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl ali ndi ntchito yabwino yotsutsa-sag pamatope, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera simenti.
(4) Kuchita kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose yopangidwa ndi mabizinesi am'nyumba mwachiwonekere ndi yotsika kuposa ya methyl cellulose chifukwa chokhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso phulusa lalitali.
Wowuma ether
Ma ethers owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope amasinthidwa kuchokera ku ma polima achilengedwe a ma polysaccharides ena.Monga mbatata, chimanga, chinangwa, nyemba ndi zina zotero.
1. Wowuma wosinthidwa
Wowuma etha wosinthidwa kuchokera ku mbatata, chimanga, chinangwa, ndi zina zotero. ali ndi madzi otsika kwambiri kuposa ma cellulose ether.Chifukwa cha kusinthika kosiyana, kukhazikika kwa asidi ndi alkali ndizosiyana.Zogulitsa zina ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum, pomwe zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wowuma ether mumatope kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati thickener kuti apititse patsogolo anti-sagging katundu wa matope, kuchepetsa kumamatira kwa matope onyowa, ndikutalikitsa nthawi yotsegula.
Wowuma ethers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mapadi, kotero kuti katundu ndi ubwino wa zinthu ziwirizi zimagwirizana.Popeza kuti mankhwala a starch ether ndi otchipa kwambiri kuposa ether cellulose, kugwiritsa ntchito starch ether mumatope kudzachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa mapangidwe amatope.
2. Guar chingamu ether
Guar chingamu ether ndi mtundu wa wowuma ether wokhala ndi zinthu zapadera, zomwe zimasinthidwa kuchokera ku nyemba zamtundu wa guar.Makamaka ndi etherification reaction ya guar chingamu ndi akiliriki zinchito gulu, kapangidwe munali 2-hydroxypropyl zinchito gulu aumbike, amene ndi polygalactomannose dongosolo.
(1) Poyerekeza ndi cellulose ether, guar gum ether imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi.Makhalidwe a pH guar ethers samakhudzidwa kwenikweni.
(2) Pansi pa ma viscosity otsika komanso mlingo wochepa, chingamu cha guar chingalowe m'malo mwa cellulose ether mumtengo wofanana, ndipo chimakhala ndi madzi osungiramo madzi.Koma kusasinthasintha, anti-sag, thixotropy ndi zina mwachiwonekere bwino.
(3) Pansi pa kukhuthala kwakukulu ndi mlingo waukulu, chingamu cha guar sichingalowe m'malo mwa cellulose ether, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosakanikirana kwa awiriwa kudzatulutsa ntchito yabwino.
(4) Kugwiritsa ntchito guar chingamu mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kumamatira panthawi yomanga ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosavuta.Zilibe zotsatira zoyipa pakuyika nthawi ndi mphamvu ya matope a gypsum.
3. Kusinthidwa mchere madzi kusunga thickener
Chowonjezera chosungira madzi chopangidwa ndi mchere wachilengedwe posintha ndi kuphatikiza chagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China.Mchere waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera madzi osungira madzi ndi: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, ndi zina zotero. Mcherewu uli ndi zinthu zina zosungira madzi ndi zowonjezera kupyolera mu kusinthidwa monga othandizira ogwirizanitsa.Mtundu woterewu wosunga madzi womwe umayikidwa pamatope uli ndi izi.
(1) Itha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amatope wamba, ndikuthetsa mavuto osagwira bwino ntchito yamatope a simenti, mphamvu yochepa yamatope osakanikirana, komanso kukana madzi.
(2) Zogulitsa zamatope zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale ndi nyumba zapagulu zitha kupangidwa.
(3) Mtengo wazinthu ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa cellulose ether ndi starch ether.
(4) Kusungirako madzi kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi kosungirako madzi kwa organic, shrinkage yowuma ya matope okonzeka ndi yaikulu, ndipo kugwirizana kumachepetsedwa.
Redispersible polima rabara ufa
Redispersible mphira ufa kukonzedwa ndi kupopera kuyanika wapadera polima emulsion.Mu ndondomeko ya processing, zoteteza colloid, odana caking wothandizira, etc. kukhala zofunika zina.Ufa wa rabara wowuma ndi tinthu tating'ono tozungulira 80 ~ 100mm tasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi.Izi particles ndi sungunuka m'madzi ndi kupanga khola kubalalitsidwa pang'ono lalikulu kuposa choyambirira emulsion particles.Kubalalitsidwa uku kupanga filimu pambuyo madzi m'thupi ndi kuyanika.Kanemayu ndi wosasinthika ngati mapangidwe ambiri a emulsion filimu, ndipo sadzabalalikanso akakumana ndi madzi.Kubalalika.
Redispersible mphira ufa akhoza kugawidwa mu: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic asidi ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic asidi copolymer, etc., ndipo potengera izi, silikoni, vinilu laurate, etc. ndi kumtengowo kuti ntchito bwino.Njira zosinthira zosiyanasiyana zimapangitsa kuti ufa wa rabara wogawanikanso ukhale ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kukana madzi, kukana kwa alkali, kukana nyengo komanso kusinthasintha.Lili ndi vinyl laurate ndi silikoni, zomwe zingapangitse ufa wa rabara kukhala wabwino wa hydrophobicity.Nthambi za vinyl tertiary carbonate yokhala ndi mtengo wotsika wa Tg komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino.
Mitundu ya mphira yamtundu uwu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatope, onse amakhala ndi zotsatira zochedwetsa pa nthawi yoyika simenti, koma zotsatira zochedwetsa zimakhala zochepa kusiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ma emulsion ofanana.Poyerekeza, styrene-butadiene imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsetsa kwambiri, ndipo ethylene-vinyl acetate imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepetsetsa kwambiri.Ngati mlingowo ndi wochepa kwambiri, zotsatira za kusintha kwa matope sizikuwonekera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023