Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ndi gulu losunthika lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, ndi kupanga.Zochita zake zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zamtengo wapatali monga zowonjezera zowonjezera, stabilizer, emulsifier, ndi zina.Bungwe la United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera chitetezo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala oterowo, kuwonetsetsa kuti akukwaniritsa mfundo zokhwima asanavomerezedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zogula.
Kumvetsetsa Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Carboxymethylcellulose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafupikitsidwa ngati CMC, imachokera ku cellulose.Cellulose ndiye chinthu chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo chimapezeka m'makoma a zomera, kupereka chithandizo chokhazikika.CMC imachokera ku cellulose kudzera mu njira yosinthira mankhwala yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyambitsa magulu a carboxymethyl pamsana wa cellulose.Kusinthaku kumapereka zinthu zingapo zothandiza ku CMC, kuphatikiza kusungunuka kwamadzi, kukhuthala, komanso kukhazikika.
Makhalidwe a Carboxymethylcellulose:
Kusungunuka kwamadzi: CMC imasungunuka m'madzi, kupanga yankho lomveka bwino, lowoneka bwino.Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana komwe kukufunika kowonjezera kapena kukhazikika.
Viscosity: CMC imasonyeza khalidwe la pseudoplastic, kutanthauza kuti kukhuthala kwake kumachepetsa pansi pa kumeta ubweya ndikuwonjezekanso pamene kupsinjika kumachotsedwa.Katunduyu amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta njira monga kupopera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kapena kutulutsa.
Kukhazikika: CMC imapereka kukhazikika kwa emulsion ndi kuyimitsidwa, kuletsa zosakaniza kuti zisalekanitse kapena kukhazikika pakapita nthawi.Kukhazikika kumeneku ndikofunikira pazinthu monga zovala za saladi, zodzoladzola, ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamankhwala.
Kupanga Mafilimu: CMC imatha kupanga makanema owonda, osinthika akauma, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito monga zokutira zodyedwa zamapiritsi kapena makapisozi, komanso kupanga makanema oyika zinthu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Carboxymethylcellulose
CMC imapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zake zosiyanasiyana.Ntchito zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
Makampani a Chakudya: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera, chokhazikika, komanso chomangirira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zazakudya, kuphatikiza sosi, mavalidwe, ayisikilimu, zinthu zophika buledi, ndi zakumwa.Imathandiza kusintha kapangidwe kake, kamvekedwe ka mkamwa, komanso kukhazikika kwa shelufu.
Mankhwala: Pazamankhwala, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira pamapangidwe amapiritsi, chowonjezera mu kuyimitsidwa, ndi chokhazikika mu emulsions.Zimatsimikizira kugawidwa kwa mankhwala mofanana komanso kumawonjezera kumvera kwa odwala.
Zodzoladzola ndi Zopangira Zosamalira Munthu: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzoladzola ndi zinthu zosamalira anthu monga mafuta odzola, mafuta opaka, ma shampoos, ndi mankhwala otsukira m'mano monga thickener, emulsifier, ndi stabilizer.Zimathandizira kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino komanso zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito.
Ntchito Zamakampani: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale monga chokhuthala, chosungira madzi, komanso chosinthira rheology muzinthu monga zotsukira, utoto, zomatira, ndi madzi akubowola.
Njira Yovomerezeka ya FDA
Ku United States, FDA imayang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazakudya, kuphatikiza zinthu monga CMC, pansi pa Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) ndi Food Additives Amendment ya 1958. Cholinga chachikulu cha FDA ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu Zakudya zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya zimakhala zotetezeka kudyedwa ndipo zimakhala zothandiza.
Njira yovomerezeka ya FDA pazowonjezera zakudya imakhala ndi izi:
Kuwunika kwa Chitetezo: Wopanga kapena wopereka zakudyazo ali ndi udindo wochita maphunziro achitetezo kuti awonetse kuti chinthucho ndi chotetezeka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito.Maphunzirowa akuphatikiza kuwunika kwa toxicological, maphunziro a metabolism, komanso kuthekera kwa allergenicity.
Kutumiza Pempho Lowonjezera Chakudya: Wopangayo amatumiza pempho lowonjezera lazakudya (FAP) ku FDA, ndikupereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane, kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake, kagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe akufuna, komanso chidziwitso chachitetezo cha chowonjezeracho.Pempholi liyeneranso kukhala ndi zofunikira zolembedwera.
Ndemanga ya FDA: A FDA amawunika deta yachitetezo yoperekedwa mu FAP kuti adziwe ngati chowonjezeracho chili chotetezeka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi zomwe wopemphayo wanena.Kuwunikaku kumaphatikizapo kuwunika zomwe zingachitike paumoyo wa anthu, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimadziwika.
Kusindikizidwa kwa Malamulo Operekedwa: Ngati a FDA awona kuti chowonjezeracho ndi chotetezeka, imasindikiza lamulo lomwe likuperekedwa mu Federal Register, kufotokoza mikhalidwe yomwe chowonjezeracho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazakudya.Bukuli limalola anthu kuti apereke ndemanga ndi malingaliro kuchokera kwa okhudzidwa.
Final Rulemaking: Pambuyo poganizira ndemanga za anthu ndi deta yowonjezera, a FDA amapereka lamulo lomaliza kuvomereza kapena kukana kugwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera mu chakudya.Ngati kuvomerezedwa, lamulo lomaliza limakhazikitsa zovomerezeka zogwiritsiridwa ntchito, kuphatikiza zoletsa zilizonse, zofotokozera, kapena zofunikira zolembera.
Carboxymethylcellulose ndi FDA Approval
Carboxymethylcellulose ndi mbiri yakale yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azakudya ndi magawo ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka (GRAS) pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake ikagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira njira zabwino zopangira.A FDA apereka malamulo ndi malangizo enieni okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito CMC muzakudya ndi mankhwala.
FDA Regulation of Carboxymethylcellulose:
Mkhalidwe Wowonjezera Chakudya: Carboxymethylcellulose yalembedwa ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya chololedwa mu Mutu 21 wa Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) pansi pa ndime 172.Code 8672, ndi malamulo enieni otchulidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana a zakudya.Malamulowa amafotokoza kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa CMC muzakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira zina zilizonse.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala: Pazamankhwala, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chosagwira ntchito pakupanga mankhwala, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).Opanga akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti CMC ikukwaniritsa zomwe zafotokozedwa ku United States Pharmacopeia (USP) kapena compendia ina yoyenera.
Zofunikira Zolemba: Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi CMC monga chopangira ziyenera kutsata malamulo a FDA okhudzana ndi kulemba, kuphatikiza mindandanda yolondola yazinthu ndi zolemba zilizonse zofunika.
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ndi gulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale azakudya, azamankhwala, zodzola, komanso opanga.Makhalidwe ake apadera amapangitsa kuti ikhale yamtengo wapatali monga thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, ndi binder muzinthu zosiyanasiyana.A FDA amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera chitetezo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka CMC ndi zina zowonjezera zakudya, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikukwaniritsa mfundo zotetezeka zisanavomerezedwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zogula.CMC idalembedwa ngati chowonjezera chazakudya chololedwa ndi FDA, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo ndi malangizo omwe afotokozedwa mu Mutu 21 wa Code of Federal Regulations.Opanga ndi ogulitsa zinthu zomwe zili ndi CMC akuyenera kutsatira malamulowa, kuphatikiza kuwunika kwachitetezo, zofunikira zolembera, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi mtundu wazinthu zawo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2024