Cellulose ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka paliponse m'chilengedwe, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso zachilengedwe.Makhalidwe ake apadera komanso kusinthasintha kwake kwapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za biopolymer.
1.Magwero a Cellulose:
Cellulose imachokera ku makoma a maselo a zomera, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lazopangidwe mu mawonekedwe a microfibrils.Amapezeka m'makoma a cell amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, kuphatikizapo nkhuni, thonje, hemp, fulakesi, jute, ndi ena ambiri.Magwerowa amasiyana pamapangidwe a cellulose komanso kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Wood: Wood ndi amodzi mwa magwero ambiri a cellulose, okhala ndi mitengo monga paini, oak, ndi spruce wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa biopolymer iyi.Imakhala ngati chigawo chachikulu cha makoma a cell makoma a matabwa, kupereka mphamvu ndi kusasunthika kwa mbewu.
Thonje: Ulusi wa thonje umakhala wopangidwa ndi cellulose, zomwe zimawapanga kukhala zida zamtengo wapatali zopangira nsalu.Nsalu za thonje zazitali, zonyezimira, zimathandizira kuti nsalu za thonje zikhale zolimba, zotsekemera komanso zopuma mpweya, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zovala ndi nsalu zapakhomo.
Hemp ndi Flax: Ulusi wa Hemp ndi fulakesi ndiwonso wolemera wa cellulose ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale popanga nsalu.Ulusi wachilengedwewu umapereka kukhazikika, zotchingira chinyezi, komanso kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri muzovala zokomera chilengedwe.
Zida Zina Zomera: Kupatula zomwe tatchulazi, mapadi amathanso kutengedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana za mbewu monga nsungwi, nzimbe, mbaula za chimanga, ndi zotsalira zaulimi.Njira zina izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale kupanga kosatha kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi cellulose pomwe zimachepetsa kudalira pa cellulose yochokera kumatabwa.
2.Makhalidwe a Cellulose:
Cellulose imawonetsa zinthu zingapo zapadera zomwe zimathandizira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana:
Biodegradability: Ma cellulose amatha kuwonongeka, kutanthauza kuti amatha kuphwanyidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukhala zinthu zosavuta monga carbon dioxide ndi madzi.Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi cellulose zikhale zotetezeka ku chilengedwe, makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutaya ndi zinyalala.
Hydrophilicity: Ma cellulose amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mamolekyu amadzi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa magulu a hydroxyl m'maselo ake.Chikhalidwe cha hydrophilic ichi chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi cellulose zizitha kuyamwa ndikusunga madzi, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga kupanga mapepala, kuvala mabala, ndi zinthu zaukhondo.
Mphamvu zamakina: Ulusi wa cellulose uli ndi mphamvu zamakina zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka kulimba komanso kulimba kuzinthu zopangidwa ndi iwo.Katunduyu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe omwe amafunikira kusamalidwa bwino, monga munsalu, kompositi, ndi zopangidwa zamapepala.
Zongowonjezedwanso ndi Zokhazikika: Monga biopolymer yachilengedwe yochokera ku zomera, cellulose ndi yongowonjezedwanso komanso yokhazikika.Kapangidwe kake sikudalira mphamvu yamafuta amafuta ndipo imatha kuthandizira kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni ikatengedwa kuchokera kunkhalango zoyendetsedwa bwino ndi ntchito zaulimi.
3. Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana za Cellulose:
Cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kusinthasintha:
Mapepala ndi Kuyika: Mwinamwake ntchito yodziwika bwino ya cellulose ndiyo kupanga mapepala ndi makatoni.Ulusi wa cellulose ndiye zopangira zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ofunikira polemba, kusindikiza, ndi kuyika.Kuphatikiza apo, zida zoyika pa cellulose zimapereka njira zina zokometsera zachilengedwe m'mapaketi apulasitiki achikhalidwe, zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika.
Zovala ndi Zovala: Ulusi wa cellulose wochokera ku thonje, hemp, fulakisi, ndi zomera zina amalukidwa kukhala ulusi ndi kuwomba kapena kuluka kukhala nsalu zopangira zovala, nsalu zapakhomo, ndi ntchito za mafakitale.Thonje, makamaka, ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi cellulose womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga nsalu chifukwa cha kufewa kwake, kupuma kwake, komanso kusinthasintha.Zatsopano zamakina opangira zida zapangitsanso kuti pakhale ulusi wopangidwa ndi cellulose monga lyocell ndi modal, womwe umapereka zinthu zowonjezera komanso zopindulitsa zachilengedwe.
Zida Zamoyo: Zida zopangidwa ndi ma cellulose zimakhala ndi ntchito pazachipatala, kuphatikizapo kuvala mabala, ma scaffolds opangira minofu, machitidwe operekera mankhwala, ndi implants zachipatala.Kugwirizana ndi biodegradability ya cellulose kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati izi, pomwe kuyanjana ndi machitidwe achilengedwe ndikofunikira pakuchita bwino komanso chitetezo.
Mafakitale a Chakudya ndi Mankhwala: Zochokera ku cellulose monga ma cellulose ethers (monga methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose) ndi ma cellulose esters (mwachitsanzo, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate) amapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, ndi mankhwala opanga mafilimu muzakudya ndi mankhwala.Zowonjezera zochokera ku cellulosezi zimathandizira kapangidwe kake, kukhazikika kwa mashelufu, komanso kumveka bwino kwazakudya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo akuyenda bwino komanso kuti mlingo ufanane pakupanga mankhwala.
Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso ndi Mafuta Achilengedwe: Mafuta a cellulose olemera kwambiri amakhala ngati chakudya chopangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi biofuel kudzera munjira monga biomass gasification, fermentation, ndi enzymatic hydrolysis.Ma cellulose ethanol, omwe amachokera ku kuwonongeka kwa cellulose, amapereka njira yokhazikika yopangira mafuta oyaka mafuta ndipo amathandizira kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Zida Zophatikizika: Ulusi wa cellulose umaphatikizidwa muzinthu zophatikizika kuti uwonjezere mphamvu zamakina monga mphamvu, kuuma, ndi kukana mphamvu.Ma composites opangidwa ndi cellulosewa amapeza ntchito muzinthu zamagalimoto, zomangira, mipando, ndi zinthu zamasewera, zomwe zimapereka njira zopepuka komanso zokomera zachilengedwe m'malo mwa zinthu wamba.
Cellulose, monga biopolymer yachilengedwe yopezeka m'makoma a cell cell, ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale.Kuchokera pakupanga mapepala ndi nsalu kupita kuzinthu zachilengedwe komanso mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, mapadi amathandizira kuti chitukuko chikhale chokhazikika komanso zatsopano m'magawo osiyanasiyana.Kafukufuku wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pakukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose kuli ndi chiyembekezo chokulitsa ntchito zake ndikuthana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhudzana ndi kasungidwe kazinthu komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe.Pamene anthu akupitiriza kuika patsogolo kukhazikika komanso chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, zipangizo zopangidwa ndi cellulose zatsala pang'ono kutenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga tsogolo lobiriwira komanso lokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-06-2024